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Internships in the subject of criminology are an excellent opportunity for aspiring professionals to gain significant hands-on experience in the criminal justice field.  These internships are crucial in determining the future of criminologists because they expose them to the complexities of law enforcement and the broader subject of criminal justice. It is also a one-of-a-kind opportunity for criminal justice students to obtain work experience while earning academic credit. The educational experiences of students effectively reflect the realities of internship (and other work-related) experience. On the other hand, the subject of mandatory drug testing for criminology interns has recently received a lot of attention. The sensitive subject of mandatory drug testing among criminology interns is one such challenge and this could infringe on the individual rights and privacy of interns where potentially discouraging talented individuals from pursuing careers in criminology.
Accordingly, the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) issued on Oct. 26, 2018, an order (CHEd Memorandum Order No. 18, Series of 2018) directing colleges and universities to implement a mandatory random drug testing on their students beginning this year. And exhort higher learning to implement the mandatory drug testing of students as part of the schools’ admission and retention policies. It was cited in RA 9165 in sec. 36, which students of secondary and tertiary schools shall, pursuant to the related rules and regulations as contained in the school's student handbook and with notice to the parents, undergo a random drug testing.  Although, McBride (2016) stated that mandatory drug testing among criminology interns’ rests on ethical considerations. The order requires that educational authorities keep confidential the results of students who test positive for drug use, schools are empowered to impose sanctions on those students or school applicants (Butuyan, 2019). It emphasizes the importance of upholding the highest ethical standards, asserting that drug testing is a necessary tool for ensuring the integrity of the profession (Baird and Mollen, 2023).
Mandatory drug testing in the context of a criminology internship raises concerns about the balance between personal privacy and public safety. There are worries regarding the accuracy of drug tests, the possibility of false positives, and the stigmatization of interns who may be using prescription pharmaceuticals for legitimate medical reasons. Drug testing can occasionally provide false positive findings, accusing innocent people of drug use.  Conversely, false negatives happen when a drug test fails to detect drug use, allowing people to avoid detection. There are also ethical difficulties with drug testing, such as consent and discrimination. Furthermore, drug testing can be costly and time-consuming, which limits its applicability in some cases. However, establishing mandatory drug tests among criminology interns is a vital tool for enhancing safety and protecting law enforcement agencies' legitimacy. It contributes to a more dependable and trustworthy criminal justice system by ensuring that interns entrusted with sensitive work are drug-free. It requires explicit policies and intern support mechanisms. Balancing the requirement for security with the preservation of individual rights is a difficult challenge that necessitates continual evaluation and modification of drug testing techniques within the criminology internship program.
Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate and explore to identify the positive and negative impacts associated with the implementing mandatory drug testing for criminology interns. And to determine the importance of mandatory drug testing among criminology interns. So that, it aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits, and potential drawbacks of requiring drug testing of criminology interns.
Literature Review 
Mandatory drug testing among criminology interns is often implemented by the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) issued on Oct. 26, 2018, an order (CHEd Memorandum Order No. 18, Series of 2018). It is the obligation of the professional and academic contexts to reduce the risks of substance addiction for persons who desire to work in criminology or related fields. This would help on their internships involve duties that could impact public safety (Crowell, 2018). Making certain that interns are not under the influence of drugs reduces the possibility of accidents, errors, or compromised security (Alkinoon et al., 2021). Making it crucial to maintain a professional and trustworthy image. 
Each school, organization, or agency may have different policies and processes regarding required drug testing for criminology interns. It supports their pledge to maintain a drug-free workplace. According to Mijares (2018), it is legally required for people to maintain professionalism and the legitimacy of the criminal justice system when working in roles pertaining to law enforcement or criminal justice. Drug testing may be part of the strategy to stop unethical behavior, corruption, or tainted decision-making in the system (Feldman, 2017).
Economic approach to human behavior commonly known as 'Rational Choice Theory' in the work of Gary Becker (1977), individuals make decisions based on a calculated assessment of prospective costs and benefits, modifying their behavior in reaction to the perceived repercussions (Zafirovski, 2018). DiClemente (2018) claims that before engaging in drug usage, individuals consider the probable risks and benefits. Individuals are considered in this context as rational actors who examine the consequences of their acts. It deters people when they know they risk losing their job or getting into legal trouble. Accordingly, when presented with the calculated risk of negative consequences, people acting in their own best interests would be less inclined to take illegal substances (Lefkowitz, 2017). Hence, the purpose of requiring drug testing is to impact interns' decision-making by emphasizing the logical assessment of the dangers of drug use in the context of criminology (Hass, Moloney & Chambliss, 2016). 
Though, interns are typically informed of the testing process and consequences for positive results. A mandatory drug testing has an impact and can be a challenge for criminology interns (Libradilla et al., 2023). Some interns may view mandatory drug tests as an invasion of their privacy, as they may feel it's unrelated to their work performance. It involves personal matters that are unrelated to job performance. This perception can lead to concerns about civil liberties and personal rights. Drug testing carries a stigma that may deter people from obtaining criminology internshipsa. Austin and Boyd (2021) highlighted that, mandatory drug testing disproportionately impacts particular groups, resulting in stigma and discrimination 
 Additionally, drug tests are not always error-free and can yield false positives, potentially harming an intern’s reputation and often comes with clear consequences for positive test results (Jorm, 2016). For some, the fear of these consequences can act as a motivator for professional development and adherence to company policies. Some people think that requiring drug testing discourages substance misuse and could even motivate others to abstain from drugs (Kidd, 2016). However, out of concern for the consequences, it might deter interns from getting treatment for drug misuse problems.
Ensuring that drug testing must be a challenge to conforms with laws and ethical norms, there must be a solid reason and a clear policy in place. Organizations must strike a balance between the necessity for security and safety and honoring interns' rights and ensuring fairness in the testing process (Sulkowski and Lazarus, 2016). The legal and ethical concerns of drug testing may also have an impact on professional development. Organizations must follow local rules and regulations, and ethical problems about fairness and transparency may develop. 
It is an essential tool for creating accountability and trust in the workplace. It can be viewed as a means of guaranteeing a drug-free and secure atmosphere, which can enhance an organization's professionalism and reputation (Grant, 2022). The influence on professional development can be favorable in terms of accountability and trust, but unfavorable in terms of privacy invasion or possible discrimination. Organizations putting such policies into place must strike a balance between these perceptions and impacts (Wesley Routon and Walker, 2019).  
General Objectives
Generally, the purpose of the study is to explore and investigate the mandatory drug test among criminology intern. Specifically, this study aimed to achieve the following objectives. To identify the positive impact associated with implementing mandatory drug testing for criminology interns as well as the negative impact associated with implementing mandatory drug testing for criminology intern. Lastly, to determine the importance of mandatory drug testing among criminology interns as well as to create intervention program for those interns who have a positive result in the drug testing. 
Significance of the Study 
Criminology Interns. This study will enable them to understand how important and helpful on conducting mandatory drug test on their internship. This study will lead them to realize and acquired knowledge the importance of implementing and undergone mandatory drug testing within the field. 
Institute/Department. This study will be beneficial for them to preserve the credibility and professionalism of future law enforcement practitioners, safeguarding public trust, and upholding the standards of ethical conduct within the field of criminology.
Local Government Unit. This study helps them to holds paramount importance in preserving community safety and fostering public confidence in law enforcement. It serves as a proactive measure to identify and address potential substance abuse issues among future criminology professionals, thereby upholding the integrity and effectiveness of the criminal justice system at the local level.
School Administration. This study will help them to improve and enhance organizational efficiency and the ability to promote safety, maintain the integrity of law enforcement education, and ensure that future criminal justice professionals are equipped to serve with competence and trustworthiness.
Future Researchers. This study will be a great help to the future researchers and to all people who are interested to know more about the Mandatory Drug Test Among Criminology Intern in Tangub City Global College. This study will be used as their basis when they are conducting similar or related studies in the future.   
Research Methodology 
This section presents the research design, research participants, research setting, research instrument, instrument validity, and ata gathering procedure. 
Research Design. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this study to explore and determine the Mandatory Drug Testing among Criminology Intern and Its Effect of Tangub City Global College. In qualitative descriptive method, it is a study in which the focus is on description, rather that examining relationships or associations, is classified as a descriptive study. A descriptive study attempts systematically to describe a situation, problem, phenomenon, service or programme, or provides information about, say, the living conditions of a community, or describes attitudes towards issue (Kumar,2011).
Research Participants. The participants of this study are the ten (10) criminology interns of Tangub City Global College who are enrolled on OJT 1&2 during 1st Semester Academic Year 2023-2024. As a result, the participants was chosen through random sampling method. In selection, only those who met the following criteria were chosen: 1) a criminology student, 2) enrolled in Internship (OJT/Practicum) course, 3) Undergone a drug testing. According to Creswell (1998), the typical sample size for phenomenological studies is between 5 and 25. The researcher chose ten (10) criminology interns who are being undergone to a drug testing. The full range of common experiences was investigated while giving each participant enough time to collect a rich data set.
Research Setting. This study was conducted at Tangub City Global College, Maloro Tangub City specifically in the Institute of Criminal Justice Education. This was the setting because the participants of the study are the criminology interns of the institution. 
Research Instrument. The researchers utilized an interview guide questionnaire to gather data of the present study. This was used to determine and identify the importance of mandatory drug test among criminology interns of TCGC. 
Validation of Instrument. The instrument includes questions about the mandatory drug test among criminology intern in TCGC. The interview guide questions functioned as a data collection tool and a guide for gathering pertinent information for the researchers. The researchers in this study crated their own questionnaires. The interview guide questions were checked by the researcher instructor, research adviser, and editor to suit the required data. The questionnaire was validated, corrections made by the validators was incorporated before the actual interviewing of the participants.
Data Gathering Procedure. The researcher asked permission from the school administration and the Dean of Institute of Criminal Justice Education to conduct the study. Informed consent was given to the participants to assure that they participate in the said study. The researchers were conducted the research through face-to-face interview followed IATF’s protocols. The researchers utilized the interview guide questions to gather information. 
Data Analysis. This study the researchers utilized thematic analysis in analyzing the data. Thematic analysis is a method for assessing qualitative data. Usually, it refers to a collection of texts such as an interview or a transcript. The researcher carefully analyzed the data to find common themes, topics, ideas and patterns of meaning which came up repeatedly. The following are the steps in the thematic analysis which serve as a guide in analyzing the data gathered: (1) familiarization of data, (2) initial coding, (3) generating themes, (4) validity and reliability of themes, (5) defining and naming themes, and (6) interpretation and reporting. 
Ethical Considerations 
The participants’ identities will not be exposed or revealed to anybody. Before the start of discussion, written informed consent form was presented to the participants. The participants’ privacy and confidentiality will be protected, and the preservation of their identities were all considered in this case, and this has been raised as a concern in order to avoid future problems. The set of questions were constructed in a brief and clear manner. Their responses were gathered after they were assured that the information they provided would be kept private and utilized solely for academic purposes. This was done to help the researcher and the participants build trust in each other. 
Trustworthiness of the Study
    This study was carried out with the utmost accuracy. To ensure that the researchers make correct judgments of the results in order to provide a good recommendation for this study, the researchers consulted experts and professionals regarding the acquired data.
Definition of Terms
CHEd.     It is the Philippine government agency in charged with promoting relevant and quality higher education, ensuring access to quality higher education, and guaranteeing and protecting academic freedom for continuing intellectual growth, advancement of learning and research, development of responsible and effective leadership, education of high level professionals, and enrichment of historical and cultural heritages.
Drug Test. It refers to screenings that analyze biological samples, such as urine, blood, or hair, to detect the presence of illicit substances or prescription medications. This process is widely utilized in various settings, including workplaces, sports organizations, and legal contexts, aiming to ensure compliance with regulations, maintain safety, and address potential substance abuse concerns.
Internship. It refers to a professional learning experience that offers meaningful, practical work related to a student's field of study or career interest. An internship gives a student the opportunity for career exploration and development, and to learn new skills.
Mandatory. It refers an essential criteria or obligations that must be fulfilled or adhered to, often set by authorities, institutions, or regulations. Compliance with mandatory standards ensures uniformity, safety, and consistency in various contexts, ranging from education to workplace protocols.
RA 9165. It is an act instituting the comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002, repealing republic act no. 6425, otherwise known as the dangerous drugs act of 1972, as amended, providing funds therefor, and for other purposes. It is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their development and preservation.

Case Study (Facts and Issues) 
On October 26, 2018, The Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) issued an order (CHEd Memorandum Order No. 18, Series of 2018) directing colleges and universities to implement mandatory random drug testing on their students beginning this year. The CHEd additionally exhorts these institutions of higher learning to implement the mandatory drug testing of students as part of the school's admission and retention policies The CHEd has also imposed on tertiary schools the obligation to mana